american football betting sites

American football betting has become increasingly popular in recent years, with many fans looking to wager on their favorite teams and players. With so many online sportsbooks available, it can be difficult to know where to start. In this article, we’ll provide a comprehensive guide to the best American football betting sites, covering everything from the basics of betting to tips for finding the perfect site. What is American Football Betting? Before diving into the world of American football betting, let’s cover the basics.

  • Cash King Palace
    new
    Royal Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Starlight Betting Lounge
    Celestial Bet100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Palace
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Spin Palace Casino
    Win Big Now100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Golden Spin Casino
    Luxury Play100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Silver Fox Slots
    Elegance+Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Diamond Crown Casino
    Opulence & Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Casino
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Royal Fortune Gaming
    Opulence & Thrills100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Victory Slots Resort
    Spin to Win100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more

american football betting sites

American football betting has become increasingly popular in recent years, with many fans looking to wager on their favorite teams and players. With so many online sportsbooks available, it can be difficult to know where to start. In this article, we’ll provide a comprehensive guide to the best American football betting sites, covering everything from the basics of betting to tips for finding the perfect site.

What is American Football Betting?

Before diving into the world of American football betting, let’s cover the basics. American football betting involves wagering on the outcome of games or events in the National Football League (NFL) and other professional leagues. There are many different types of bets that can be placed, including:

  • Point spreads: These involve betting on the margin of victory between two teams.
  • Moneyline: This type of bet involves picking a team to win outright.
  • Over/Under: Also known as “totals,” these bets involve wagering on the combined score of both teams.
  • Propositional bets: These are novelty bets that can be placed on various aspects of a game, such as the number of passing yards a quarterback will have.

Best American Football Betting Sites

Here are some of the top American football betting sites:

1. FanDuel Sportsbook

FanDuel is one of the most popular sportsbooks in the United States, offering a wide range of betting options and competitive odds. They also offer a mobile app for easy access.

  • Pros: Wide selection of betting options, competitive odds, user-friendly app.
  • Cons: Limited availability in some states.

2. DraftKings Sportsbook

DraftKings is another well-established sportsbook that offers a variety of American football betting options. They also have a strong mobile presence and offer regular promotions.

  • Pros: Wide selection of betting options, competitive odds, user-friendly app.
  • Cons: Limited availability in some states.

3. BetMGM Sportsbook

BetMGM is a popular sportsbook that offers a wide range of American football betting options, including live in-game wagering. They also have a strong mobile presence and offer regular promotions.

  • Pros: Wide selection of betting options, competitive odds, user-friendly app.
  • Cons: Limited availability in some states.

4. Caesars Sportsbook

Caesars is a well-established sportsbook that offers a variety of American football betting options, including live in-game wagering. They also have a strong mobile presence and offer regular promotions.

  • Pros: Wide selection of betting options, competitive odds, user-friendly app.
  • Cons: Limited availability in some states.

Tips for Choosing the Best American Football Betting Site

When choosing an American football betting site, there are several factors to consider:

  • Availability: Make sure the site is available in your state or country.
  • Betting options: Look for a wide range of betting options, including point spreads, moneyline, and over/under bets.
  • Odds: Compare the odds offered by different sites to find the best value.
  • User experience: Choose a site with a user-friendly interface and mobile app.

Safety and Security

When betting online, safety and security are paramount. Make sure the site is licensed and regulated by a reputable authority, such as the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement or the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board. Also, ensure that the site uses robust security measures to protect your personal and financial information.

Responsible Betting Practices

American football betting can be fun and exciting, but it’s essential to bet responsibly. Here are some tips:

  • Set a budget: Decide how much you’re willing to spend on bets each week.
  • Don’t chase losses: Don’t feel pressured to bet more to recoup losses.
  • Take breaks: Take regular breaks from betting to avoid emotional decisions.

American football betting can be an exciting and rewarding experience, but it’s essential to choose a reputable site that meets your needs. By considering factors such as availability, betting options, odds, user experience, safety, and security, you can make informed choices and bet responsibly.

pokerstars football

PokerStars football refers to the online presence of PokerStars in the world of sports betting, particularly focusing on football (soccer). As one of the leading poker platforms, PokerStars has expanded its offerings to include a comprehensive sportsbook and online casino. In this article, we will delve into the details of their football offerings.

History of PokerStars Football

PokerStars was founded in 2001 by Isai Scheinberg and his son David. The company quickly gained popularity for its innovative poker platform. Over time, they expanded to include a sportsbook and casino, catering to an even broader audience. Their entry into the football market was met with enthusiasm from punters worldwide.

Key Features of PokerStars Football

Live Betting

PokerStars offers live betting options on various football events, allowing users to place bets in real-time as matches unfold. This feature provides a dynamic and immersive experience for fans, enabling them to engage with the game beyond traditional pre-match betting.

Pre-Match Bets

Their sportsbook features an extensive selection of pre-match bets, covering popular tournaments like the Champions League and World Cup. Users can place bets on various markets such as match winner, correct score, over/under goals, and more.

In-Play Betting

PokerStars offers in-play betting options, allowing users to wager on ongoing matches. This feature is particularly useful for live events, enabling fans to capitalize on changing game dynamics and odds.

Multi-Bet Builder

Their Multi-Bet Builder tool allows users to create complex bets combining multiple outcomes from the same match or different events. This feature adds an exciting layer of strategy and possibility to football betting.

Benefits of PokerStars Football

User-Friendly Interface

PokerStars’ sportsbook features a clean, user-friendly interface that makes it easy for both beginners and experienced bettors to navigate. The platform’s design prioritizes accessibility and usability.

Competitive Odds

Their competitive odds ensure users receive fair value for their bets. With consistently updated prices, customers can make informed decisions and maximize potential returns.

PokerStars football offers a comprehensive and engaging betting experience, catering to fans worldwide. With its user-friendly interface, competitive odds, and innovative features like live betting and in-play wagering, it’s no wonder PokerStars has become a popular destination for those looking to bet on the beautiful game.

College Football odds BetUS Sportsbook

College football is one of the most thrilling and unpredictable sports in the United States, and betting on it can add an extra layer of excitement. BetUS Sportsbook is a popular platform for sports enthusiasts looking to place bets on college football games. In this article, we’ll explore the various aspects of college football odds at BetUS Sportsbook, including types of bets, how to read odds, and tips for successful betting.

Types of College Football Bets

BetUS Sportsbook offers a variety of betting options for college football fans. Here are some of the most common types of bets you can place:

1. Moneyline Bets

  • Description: Betting on which team will win the game outright.
  • Example: If Team A is favored at -150 and Team B is the underdog at +130, you would need to bet \(150 on Team A to win \)100, while a \(100 bet on Team B would win \)130 if they win.

2. Point Spread Bets

  • Description: Betting on the margin of victory or defeat.
  • Example: If Team A is favored by 7 points, they must win by more than 7 points for a spread bet on them to win. If you bet on Team B +7, they can lose by up to 6 points and your bet still wins.

3. Over/Under (Total) Bets

  • Description: Betting on the total combined score of both teams.
  • Example: If the over/under is set at 55 points, you can bet on whether the total score will be over or under 55 points.

4. Parlays

  • Description: Combining multiple bets into one, with higher payouts but higher risk.
  • Example: You can combine a moneyline bet, a point spread bet, and an over/under bet into one parlay. All parts of the parlay must win for you to win the bet.

5. Futures Bets

  • Description: Betting on events that will happen in the future, such as who will win the championship.
  • Example: You can bet on which team will win the College Football Playoff at the beginning of the season.

How to Read College Football Odds

Understanding how to read odds is crucial for successful betting. Here’s a quick guide:

1. American Odds

  • Positive Numbers (+): Indicates how much profit a bettor would make on a $100 bet.
  • Negative Numbers (-): Indicates how much money a bettor needs to bet to win $100.

2. Decimal Odds

  • Calculation: The total return of your bet, including your original stake.
  • Example: Odds of 2.50 mean a \(100 bet would return \)250 (including the original $100).

3. Fractional Odds

  • Calculation: The fraction represents the potential profit (numerator) compared to the stake (denominator).
  • Example: 31 odds mean you would win \(3 for every \)1 bet.

Tips for Successful College Football Betting

1. Research Teams and Players

  • Team Stats: Look at win-loss records, home and away performance, and recent form.
  • Player Stats: Injuries, suspensions, and player performance can significantly impact a game.

2. Follow Expert Analysis

  • Pundits and Analysts: Pay attention to expert opinions and analysis from reputable sources.
  • Betting Forums: Engage with communities where experienced bettors share insights.

3. Manage Your Bankroll

  • Set Limits: Determine how much you can afford to lose and stick to it.
  • Avoid Chasing Losses: Don’t increase bets to recover losses; this often leads to bigger losses.

4. Stay Informed

  • News and Updates: Keep up with the latest news, including coaching changes, weather conditions, and other factors that could affect the game.

5. Use BetUS Resources

  • Odds Calculator: Use the odds calculator to understand potential returns.
  • Live Betting: Take advantage of live betting options for in-game wagering.

Betting on college football at BetUS Sportsbook can be an exciting way to enhance your viewing experience. By understanding the different types of bets, how to read odds, and following some key tips, you can increase your chances of making informed and successful bets. Remember to bet responsibly and enjoy the thrill of college football.

Phoenlx sportsbook

Introduction

Phoenix Sportsbook has rapidly emerged as a prominent player in the online sports betting industry. Known for its user-friendly interface, extensive betting options, and robust security features, Phoenix Sportsbook caters to both novice and seasoned bettors. This article delves into the key features, benefits, and unique offerings of Phoenix Sportsbook, providing a comprehensive guide for potential users.

Key Features

1. Diverse Betting Options

Phoenix Sportsbook offers a wide array of betting options across various sports:

  • Football: Comprehensive coverage of major leagues and international tournaments.
  • Basketball: Betting lines for NBA, NCAA, and international leagues.
  • Tennis: Real-time betting on ATP, WTA, and Grand Slam events.
  • Horse Racing: Extensive coverage of major horse racing events worldwide.
  • Esports: Betting options for popular games like League of Legends, Dota 2, and CS:GO.

2. User-Friendly Interface

The platform is designed with user experience in mind:

  • Intuitive Navigation: Easy-to-use menus and search functions.
  • Responsive Design: Optimized for both desktop and mobile devices.
  • Live Betting: Real-time betting on ongoing matches with dynamic odds.

3. Security and Trustworthiness

Phoenix Sportsbook prioritizes user security:

  • Encryption Technology: Uses advanced SSL encryption to protect user data.
  • Licensing and Regulation: Operates under reputable gambling licenses.
  • Responsible Gambling: Offers tools and resources to promote responsible betting.

Benefits of Using Phoenix Sportsbook

1. Competitive Odds

Phoenix Sportsbook consistently offers competitive odds, ensuring users get the best value for their bets.

2. Bonuses and Promotions

Regular promotions and bonuses are available:

  • Welcome Bonus: Attractive sign-up bonuses for new users.
  • Loyalty Programs: Rewards for frequent bettors.
  • Seasonal Promotions: Special offers during major sporting events.

3. Customer Support

Phoenix Sportsbook provides excellent customer support:

  • 247 Support: Available via live chat, email, and phone.
  • Comprehensive FAQ Section: Detailed answers to common queries.
  • Multilingual Support: Available in multiple languages for global users.

Unique Offerings

1. Virtual Sports

Phoenix Sportsbook offers virtual sports betting, providing an alternative to traditional sports betting:

  • Virtual Football: Simulated football matches with real-time betting.
  • Virtual Horse Racing: Computer-generated horse races.
  • Virtual Basketball: Fast-paced virtual basketball games.

2. Casino Games

In addition to sports betting, Phoenix Sportsbook features an online casino:

  • Slot Machines: A variety of electronic slot machines with different themes and features.
  • Table Games: Classic games like Baccarat, Blackjack, and Roulette.
  • Live Dealer Games: Real-time casino games hosted by live dealers.

Phoenix Sportsbook stands out in the competitive online sports betting market with its diverse betting options, user-friendly interface, and robust security measures. Whether you’re a football enthusiast, a basketball fanatic, or an esports aficionado, Phoenix Sportsbook offers something for everyone. With competitive odds, attractive bonuses, and excellent customer support, it’s no wonder that Phoenix Sportsbook is quickly becoming a go-to platform for sports betting enthusiasts.

Source

  1. College Football odds BetUS Sportsbook
  2. College Football odds BetUS Sportsbook
  3. College Football odds BetUS Sportsbook
  4. football betting software
  5. College Football odds BetUS Sportsbook
  6. College Football odds BetUS Sportsbook

Frequently Questions

What are the features of the best American football betting sites?

The best American football betting sites offer a variety of features to enhance your betting experience. These include competitive odds, a wide range of betting markets, live betting options, and user-friendly interfaces. Top sites also provide secure payment methods, generous bonuses, and reliable customer support. Additionally, they often feature comprehensive statistics and analysis tools to help you make informed decisions. Mobile compatibility and fast payouts are also key factors. By combining these elements, the best American football betting sites ensure a seamless and rewarding betting journey.

Where can I find reliable American football betting sites?

To find reliable American football betting sites, start by researching licensed platforms with positive user reviews. Look for sites like Bet365, DraftKings, and FanDuel, which are known for their secure transactions and competitive odds. Ensure the site offers a variety of betting options, including live betting and comprehensive coverage of NFL games. Check for bonuses and promotions tailored for football bettors, and verify the site's customer service reputation. Always gamble responsibly and within your means.

 

How can I find trusted American football betting platforms?

To find trusted American football betting platforms, start by researching licensed and regulated sites. Look for platforms that are endorsed by reputable authorities and have positive user reviews. Check for secure payment methods and strong customer support. Websites like eGaming Review (EGR) and GamblingCompliance provide industry rankings and certifications. Additionally, consider platforms that offer competitive odds and a wide range of betting options. Always read the terms and conditions to ensure transparency and fairness. By following these steps, you can identify reliable American football betting sites that prioritize your security and satisfaction.

How do I choose the best American football betting site?

Choosing the best American football betting site involves several key factors. First, ensure the site is licensed and regulated for secure transactions. Look for a wide range of betting options and competitive odds to maximize your potential winnings. User-friendly interfaces and mobile compatibility are crucial for convenience. Check for bonuses and promotions tailored to American football bettors. Customer support should be responsive and available 24/7. Read reviews and compare sites to find one that aligns with your betting preferences. By considering these elements, you can select a reliable and rewarding betting platform for American football.

Are there any safe American football betting sites?

Yes, there are several safe American football betting sites that are reputable and secure. Leading platforms like DraftKings, FanDuel, and BetMGM are licensed and regulated, ensuring a secure betting environment. These sites offer a variety of betting options, including live betting, prop bets, and futures, enhancing the excitement of the game. They also provide user-friendly interfaces, competitive odds, and enticing bonuses. Always ensure to verify the site's licensing and read reviews to guarantee a safe and enjoyable betting experience. Remember to bet responsibly and within your means.